Robotics and automation are transforming industries across the globe. From warehouses to healthcare facilities, these technologies enhance productivity, efficiency, safety, and visualization of operating rate. Central to their functionality are image sensors, which enable robots to perceive and interact with their environments. This blog explores the role of image sensors in robotics, with a focus on advancements by onsemi, a leader in imaging technology.
The Role of Mobile Robots in Modern Industry
Mobile robots are at the forefront of automation, helping industries streamline operations. These robots fall into two primary categories: autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) and automated guided vehicles (AGVs). AMRs are designed to operate independently, adapting to dynamic environments without human intervention. By using advanced sensing technologies like simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), AMRs can map their surroundings, identify obstacles, and navigate autonomously. This makes them particularly suited to applications such as factory and warehouse automation.
In contrast, AGVs rely on external guidance systems like magnetic strips or vision tracking to move along fixed paths. While AGVs are ideal for structured environments such as assembly lines and inventory management, they lack the flexibility of AMRs. An AGV can be compared to a train that follows a set track, whereas an AMR is more like a car capable of maneuvering around obstacles. This distinction makes AMRs the preferred choice for industries requiring dynamic, adaptable solutions.
How Image Sensors Enable AMRs
AMRs rely on image sensors to perform tasks such as environmental navigation, 3D mapping, collision avoidance, and code reading. These tasks require precise and efficient sensing capabilities. For 3D mapping, AMRs utilize technologies like stereotype imaging, indirect time of flight (iToF) and LiDAR to measure depth and create detailed environmental maps. Depth sensing allows AMRs to detect objects, including humans, and avoid potential hazards. This functionality is critical for ensuring safety in environments where humans and robots operate side by side.
Collision avoidance is another essential feature enabled by image sensors or together with depth sensor. Sensors equipped with rolling shutters, and/or global shutters, fast processing speeds, and high dynamic range (HDR) allow AMRs to identify and respond to obstacles in real time. HDR technology is particularly important in environments with mixed lighting, such as factories or warehouses, where reflections and shadows can complicate visual perception.
Additionally, image sensors play a key role in code reading, a common task in manufacturing and logistics. Sensors with global shutters and low power consumption excel in these applications by enabling AMRs to scan and process codes quickly and accurately. The ability to operate efficiently for extended periods further enhances their value in high-demand industrial settings.
Stationary Robots and Their Applications
While AMRs and AGVs dominate the mobile robotics landscape, stationary robots also play a vital role in automation. These robots remain fixed in one location and perform tasks such as picking and sorting objects. Like their mobile counterparts, stationary robots rely on image sensors for depth detection and precision. Advanced sensing technologies ensure these robots can perform their tasks with accuracy, even in complex industrial environments.
Drivers of Growth in Robotics
Several factors are fueling the rapid adoption of robotics across industries. Productivity is a key driver, as robots can perform repetitive tasks for long hours without fatigue. Efficiency is another major benefit, as robots eliminate delays caused by human intervention, allowing workers to focus on higher-value activities. Safety is equally important, with robots taking over hazardous tasks that could endanger human workers.
To enhance productivity, efficiency, and safety, the majority of customers seek comprehensive data for visualizing operating rates. This data enables them to conduct thorough analyses and identify effective strategies for improving productivity. By leveraging detailed visualizations, customers can gain valuable insights into their operations, allowing for more informed decision-making and optimized performance.
The robotics market is experiencing significant growth, particularly in the AMR segment. Industry analysts predict a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 16% to 20% for AMRs between 2024 and 2030. This growth is driven by advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and automation technologies, which are expanding the capabilities of robots and opening new opportunities for innovation.
onsemi’s Contributions to Robotic Imaging
As a leader in imaging technology, onsemi has developed a range of innovative image sensors tailored to the needs of robotics. The company’s offerings include rolling shutter and global shutter sensors, as well as specialized solutions for depth sensing and HDR applications. These technologies enable robots to perform tasks with greater precision, efficiency, and reliability.
Rolling shutter sensors are known for their smaller pixel sizes and higher sensitivity, making them ideal for applications requiring detailed imaging in low-light conditions. However, they may introduce motion artifacts, which can limit their use in dynamic environments. In contrast, global shutter sensors eliminate motion artifacts by exposing all pixels simultaneously. This makes them well-suited for tasks involving moving objects, collision avoidance, and code reading
Depth sensing is another area where onsemi excels. The company’s iToF technology measures the phase difference of reflected light to determine depth. onsemi iToF can cover both short (30 to 50 cm) and long distances up to 20 meters with excellent accuracy.
HDR: Enhancing Visual Accuracy
High dynamic range is a critical feature for robots operating in environments with challenging lighting conditions. HDR sensors capture multiple exposures to create a balanced and accurate image, ensuring that robots can see clearly even in areas with high contrast or reflections. There are several approaches to HDR.,. For example, multi-exposure HDR provides excellent low-light performance but may suffer from motion artifacts. Split-diode pixel HDR reduces motion artifacts but can be prone to LED flicker. One exposure with multiple gain, called Super-Exposure mode, combines the best features of both approaches. The choice of HDR technology depends on the specific requirements of the application.
The Hyperlux Family of Image Sensors
onsemi’s has a variety of Hyperlux image senor families that addresses the diverse needs of industrial robotics. These sensors combine low power consumption, high dynamic range, and advanced features to deliver exceptional performance. The Hyperlux LP series focuses on ultra-low power consumption, making it ideal for applications where energy efficiency is a priority. The Hyperlux LH series is designed for industrial and commercial environments, offering 120 dB HDR for superior performance in mixed lighting conditions. The Hyperlux SG series features a small form factor and industry-leading global shutter efficiency, making it suitable for scanning, AR/VR, and AMR applications.
Future Directions
Future Directions
Future directions for imaging sensors include achieving higher resolutions, smaller optical formats, enhanced dynamic range, reduced power consumption, and increased accuracy. onsemi is proactively addressing these advancements through continuous innovation, ensuring its sensors remain at the forefront of the industry.
Looking ahead, the integration of AI and advanced sensor technologies will unlock new possibilities for robotics. From healthcare to education, these advancements will enable robots to perform increasingly complex tasks in diverse environments. As the cost of robotics decreases, we can also expect to see greater adoption in service industries and domestic applications.
Image sensors are the cornerstone of modern robotics, enabling tasks ranging from 3D mapping to collision avoidance with unparalleled precision. onsemi’s innovative sensor technologies, including the Hyperlux family, iToF solution and SWIR sensors are driving the next wave of advancements in robotics and automation. As these technologies continue to evolve, they will expand the capabilities of robots, opening new opportunities across industries and improving the way we work and live.
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